Biochemistry Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

A molecule with the formula C10H18O is most likely to be a(an) A. Lipid B. Amino Acid C. Nucleotide D. Carbohydrate - A. Lipid The most abundant functional group in glucose is a A. Carbonyl group B. Phosphate group C. Carboxylate group D. Hydroxyl group - D. Hydroxyl group

What is a monosaccharide? - The most basic units of carbohydrates. Made of 1 aldehyde and 1 ketone. They are the simplest form of sugar and are usually colorless, water-soluble, crystalline solids. Some monosaccharides have a sweet taste. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose) and galactose Nature uses the D or L form of carbohydrates - D The two kinds of monosaccharides are - Aldoses, Ketoses The bonds between carbohydrate monomers are called - Glycosi...

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What two elements are always found in organic molecules? - answer-Carbon, Hydrogen What are a few other elements that are often found? - answer-Oxygen, Nitrogen Where is energy stored in an organic molecule? - answer-Carbon Bond What type of chemical reaction is required for the synthesis of polymers? - answer-Dehydration synthesis What type of chemical reaction is responsible for the breakdown of polymers? - answer-Hydrolysis What type of bond holds the hydrogen atoms to the oxyg...

What is the significance of carbon having four valence electrons? - answer-The outermost shell can form up to four covalent bonds. What is the definition of a hydrocarbon? - answer-A large chain of carbons and hydrogens bonded together. What do amino acids, fatty acids, and sugars (monosaccharides) have in common? - answer-They are made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. What makes amino acids unique from one another? - answer-the R group What compound is a carbohydrate? - answer-Starc...

What do organisms use carbohydrates for? - answer-energy What is a carbohydrate? - answer-An organic compound made up of sugar molecules what is the CH2O ratio of C:H:O for carbs? - answer-1:2:1 What kind of shape do most carb molecules have? - answer-A Ring shaped carbon skeleton ex: c-c-c-c What is the most important carb? - answer-Glucose What is the molecular formula for glucose? - answer-C6H12O6 What are the properties of glucose? - answer-It is soluble in water, white cry...

Where does glycolysis take place? - answer-the cytosol of the cell What is the key CHO substrate in glycolysis? - answer-Glucose 3. Which other monosaccharides feed into glycolysis? - answer-Fructose and Galactose What is the end result of glycolysis under aerobic conditions? - answer-Pyruvate What is the end result of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions? - answer-Lactate How many steps require ATP? - answer-2 What steps are irreversible? - answer-steps 1,3, and 10 How is ...

Which elements are common in all biomolecules? - answer-Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen What 2 macromolecules store energy? - answer-Carbohydrates Lipids Which molecule does plants produce during photosynthesis? - answer-sugar (glucose) What is an example of a carbohydrate? What is its function? - answer-candy bar main source of energy What is an example of a protein? What is its function - answer-steak builds muscles, amino acids, cell regulation What is an example of a lipid? What i...

How many covalent bonds can be created in a carbon bond? - answer-4 What is the chemical symbol for Hydroxyl? - answer-OH What is the chemical symbol for Carboxyl? - answer-COOH What is the chemical symbol for Amino? - answer-NH2 (the two is subscript) What is the chemical for phosphate? - answer-H2PO4 (the numbers are subscript) List the following from smallest to largest: Macromolecule, monomer, carbon atom, polymer - answer-carbon atom, monomer, polymer, macromolecule What ...

intramolecular - answer-forces 'within' a molecule intermolecular - answer-forces 'between' molecules ionic - answer-bonding between a metal and a nonmetal covalent - answer-bonding between 2 non metals ionic - answer-electrons are transferred covalent - answer-electrons are shared polar covalent - answer-unequal sharing of electrons non-polar colavent - answer-equal sharing of electrons intermolecular forces - answer-van der waals forces hydrocarbon - answer-a com...