Silliman University

This lecture notes discusses the topic "functionalism", one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology which holds the belief that society is relatively stable, which means that things occur in society for a specific function and those functions help maintain stability.

This lecture notes discusses the topic "modernism and postmodernism". On the one hand, modernism is widely used to describe a variety of inclinations within the European and Anglo-American literature of the early twentieth century. On the other hand, postmodernism is a term applied, often loosely, to a broad movement that developed in the middle to the late twentieth century across many disciplines, such as the arts, architecture, and philosophy.

This lecture notes discusses "fallacy of composition", a type of informal fallacy which occurs when the arguer mistakenly concludes that something is true to the whole simply because it is true to some of the parts of the whole.

This lecture notes discusses "hasty generalization", a type of informal fallacy occurs when a generalization is formed on the basis of an unrepresentative sample.

This lecture notes discusses "fallacy of equivocation", a type of informal fallacy which occurs when a term or word switches meaning in the course of the argument, that is, when a term or word expresses one meaning in one premise and another meaning in another premise or conclusion.

This lecture notes discusses "Either/Or Fallacy", a type of informal fallacy which occurs when the arguer mistakenly reason from two alternatives, one claimed to be bad (that is, to be avoided) so that we ought to choose the other alternative.

This lecture discusses the topic "realism", which, in philosophy, refers to the view that the “reality” of any material objects exists in the external world independently of the human mind.

This lecture notes discusses "slippery slope", a type of informal fallacy that arises when the arguer claims that a chain of causal events will necessarily occur.

This lecture notes discusses the topic "queer theory", which is largely a product of the 1990s and has been influential in literary studies, postcolonial theory, and some areas of sociology.

This lecture notes discusses the topic "pluralism", a term pluralism refers to the state of having more than one of anything.