Leibniz Study guides, Class notes & Summaries

Dualism - ANSWER-Dualists Plato and Descartes claim that mind and body are separate entities. We can easily imagine our mind in someone else's body. Mental properties are different from physical ones. Leibniz's Law - ANSWER-'Jack' and 'Jack's body' cannot be exchanged to preserve an identical meaning. Therefore, I am distinct from my body. Descartes' Throwaway argument - ANSWER-I can feign that my body does not exist. I cannot feign that I myself do not exist. Hence, I am di...

A collection of example exam questions and answers regarding the cosmological arguments for God's existence for AQA A-level philosophy.

Chapter 2: The Presocratic Sophos Questions Answered 100% correct sophos Sage or wise man; term applied to the first philosophers; from the Greek word for "wise" monism The general name for the belief that everything consists of only one, ultimate, unique substance such as matter or spirit. rational discourse The interplay of carefully argued ideas; the use of reason to order, clarify, and identify reality and truth according to agreed-upon standards of verification. p...

What are the two versions of Dualism? - ANSWER-1) Substance Dualism 2) Property Dualism What is the basic premise of property dualism with regard to properties and substances, minds and bodies? - ANSWER-A property dualist believes that there are only physical substances, and of those physical substances, some have mental properties and some have physical properties, but there are no mental substances. What is the basic premise of substance dualism with regard to properties and substances,...

What is the basic structure of the cosmological (kalam, craig, plato-philoponus) argument - correct answer 1. Everything that begins to exist has a cause 2. the universe began to exist therefore the universe has a cause what is the first a priori argument regarding premise 2 of the Kalam - correct answer The universe has to have a cause as it cannot be infinite because that implies there there is...

True/False *1. Confucius, a Chinese thinker in the sixth century BCE, believed that each individual has an impact on the well-being of society by fulfilling his or her role in relation to other people. a. True b. False *2. For Leibniz, space and time are substances. a. True b. False *3. Western philosophy is said to begin with Thales. a. True b. False *4. Plato postulated the pre-existence of the soul to account for our knowledge of Forms. a. True b. False *5. Descartes thought tha...

What are the three components of the Cartesian - ANSWER-1) The epistemic primacy of subjective awareness - The claim that I know the contents of my conscious mind more immediately than anything else 2) Mind-body dualism - the view that mind and body are two fundamentally different kinds of things 3) Mental transparency - everything that is in the mind is available to conscious awareness (ideas, thoughts, representations concepts) What is empiricism about ideas? - ANSWER-Empiricism abo...

ARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL PHILOSOPHY – 7172/1 – JUNE 2021 3 Level of response marking instructions Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor. The descriptor for the level shows the performance at the mid-point of the level. There are marks in each level. For the 3 and 5 mark questions that have only 1 mark in each level you need only apply step 1 below. To support you in your marking, you will have standardisation scripts. These have been mar...

Contents Chapter 0. Models, Truth and Satisfaction 4 Formulas, Sentences, Theories and Axioms 4 Prenex Normal Form 9 Chapter 1. Notation and Examples 11 Chapter 2. Compactness and Elementary Submodels 14 The Compactness Theorem 14 Isomorphisms, elementary equivalence and complete theories 15 The Elementary Chain Theorem 16 The Lowenheim-Skolem Theorem 19 The Los-Vaught Test 20 Every complex one-to-one polynomial map is onto 22 Chapter 3. Diagrams and Embeddings 24 Diagram Lemmas 2...

Philosophers questions and answers, latest updated Thomas Hobbes 17th-century English political philosopher who argued the need for a strong government in order to prevent people from falling into a save existence, which he called the state of nature; his book, Leviathan, which discusses the social contract and the separation of powers, serves as the basis for Western political thought St. Thomas Aquinas Italian philosopher and theologian; greatest Scholastic philosopher; changed the f...